What is swimmer’s itch?

What is swimmer’s itch?

Swimmer’s itch, also known as cercarial dermatitis, is a rash caused by an allergic reaction to the larvae of microscopic parasites found in both fresh and saltwater. These parasites typically inhabit snails, which release larvae into the water, according to the CDC.

Even brief exposure to contaminated water can lead to swimmer’s itch. After contact with the larvae, “when the skin dries off, those parasites burrow under people’s skin and cause an itchy rash,” explains Dr. Christina Boull, MD, an associate professor of dermatology and pediatrics at M Health Fairview University of Minnesota Medical Center. Read on to learn about symptoms and prevention strategies for this uncomfortable summertime rash.

Symptoms of swimmer’s itch

Swimmer’s itch is characterized by small red dots on the skin after exposure to the parasites. The rash typically appears on areas directly exposed to water, such as arms and legs, rather than on skin covered by a bathing suit. Symptoms usually manifest within 12 hours of exposure, and some individuals may experience severe reactions with welts and blisters. Scratching the rash can lead to secondary bacterial infections, making it crucial to avoid irritation.

Distinguishing swimmer’s itch from other rashes

Seabather’s eruption, which occurs in the ocean, can resemble swimmer’s itch but typically develops under a swimsuit. In contrast, swimmer’s itch appears on unprotected skin. Additionally, the small red bumps may be mistaken for insect bites from bugs like gnats or mosquitoes.

Treatment options

The good news is that swimmer’s itch usually resolves on its own. Dr. Boull notes that the rash typically improves within a week, though it may last up to three weeks. To alleviate itching, she recommends using 1% hydrocortisone cream and taking oral antihistamines. For severe itching, prescription medications like oral prednisone may be necessary.

If the rash develops into open sores or is accompanied by fever, it may indicate a secondary bacterial infection, and consulting a doctor for antibiotics is essential.

Prevention strategies

To prevent swimmer’s itch, it’s vital to dry off thoroughly after swimming in potentially contaminated waters. Showering can also help remove larvae from the skin. Avoiding warm, shallow waters where snails thrive can reduce exposure risk. Always heed no-swim zone signs indicating potential pathogens in the water.

For more information, visit the source: USA Today.