Helping Your Child Cope with Seasonal Allergies

By Dr. Matthew Husa, Chief Medical Officer, UnitedHealthcare of Colorado & Wyoming

Spring, summer, and early fall can bring sniffles and sneezes for many children. When these symptoms persist annually, it may indicate seasonal allergies. Seasonal allergies commonly begin to show in children around the age of three, with symptoms becoming more prominent between five and six years. Particularly, children diagnosed with conditions like eczema or asthma are at a heightened risk.

Approximately 20% of children experience seasonal allergies, and for those suspected to be affected, relief options are available. Identifying common symptoms is the first step in assisting your child through this challenging time. Symptoms include:

• Itchy, stuffy, or runny nose
• Red, itchy, or watery eyes
• Sneezing
• Coughing
• Increased fatigue

Kids may struggle to articulate their feelings, so parents should also look for behavioral cues, such as breathing through their mouth while sleeping.

Understanding Allergic Reactions

Allergic reactions stem from the body’s overreaction to allergens in the environment, commonly pollen or mold during specific seasons. This overreaction leads to symptoms as the body releases histamines, causing itching, redness, and swelling.

Common Allergy Triggers

The timing and type of seasonal allergies depend on geographical location and local pollen. Here are general timelines:

• Tree pollen allergies occur in the spring
• Grass pollen allergies are prevalent in late spring and early summer
• Weed allergies, particularly ragweed, start in late summer through early fall

Pollen counts may rise with weather changes, especially after rain or windy conditions. Additionally, counts are typically higher in the early morning, following cool nights.

Treating Seasonal Allergies

Prevention is Key: Minimizing exposure to allergens is crucial for treatment. Effective strategies include:

• Keeping windows closed during high pollen counts
• Showering and changing clothes after outdoor play
• Using air filters and certified vacuums

While caution is essential, it’s equally important to ensure kids engage in play outside.

Consulting Professionals

For pinpointing specific allergies, an allergist can conduct tests, including skin tests and blood tests, to determine triggers. The results can help tailor approaches to relief.

Over-the-Counter Medications

Several medications are deemed safe for children, similar to those for adults. Here are common options that may provide relief:

• Topical nasal corticosteroid sprays
• Antihistamines like cetirizine (Zyrtec) or loratadine (Claritin)
• Sterile saline nasal sprays

Consulting your child’s doctor can help choose the best option.