Brachycephalic breeds, such as pugs, bulldogs, and Shih Tzus, are beloved for their unique appearance; but their distinctive short noses and flat faces come with significant health challenges.
Among these is an increased vulnerability to air pollution, which can exacerbate their already compromised respiratory systems. With rising air pollution levels in urban areas, these breeds face heightened risks, including breathing difficulties and long-term respiratory conditions.
While these pets require special care under normal circumstances, air pollution demands additional precautions to protect their health. Owners must be proactive in mitigating the impact of environmental pollutants, especially during peak pollution periods.
But, why are brachycephalic breeds more affected by air pollution compared to other dogs?
Dr. Deepraj Prajapati, MVSC and senior veterinarian at RD pet Hospital, says, ‘Brachycephalic breeds like pugs, bulldogs, and Shih Tzus are more vulnerable to air pollution due to their unique anatomical structure. Their short snouts and compacted nasal passages significantly reduce airflow efficiency, making it harder for them to filter out airborne pollutants such as particulate matter (PM2.5), ozone, and nitrogen dioxide.’
Additionally, he mentions that these breeds are prone to brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS), a condition that causes narrowed nostrils, elongated soft palates, and a compressed trachea. ‘This limits their ability to cool and humidify air as they breathe, leading to higher pollutant exposure in the lower respiratory tract. Research published in the Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine (2015) highlights that brachycephalic breeds have increased susceptibility to airway inflammation and hypoxia during periods of high pollution.’
Common signs of respiratory distress in short-nosed breeds
Pet owners should be vigilant for symptoms of respiratory distress in brachycephalic breeds, especially during high pollution periods. Common signs, according to Dr. Prajapati, include:
- Laboured breathing: Difficulty inhaling or exhaling, often accompanied by wheezing or snorting.
- Excessive panting: Prolonged panting even at rest or during mild activity.
- Coughing or gagging: Persistent coughing, especially after exposure to outdoor air.
- Nasal discharge: Clear or mucous-like discharge indicating airway irritation.
- Lethargy: A noticeable drop in energy levels and reluctance to engage in physical activity.
- Bluish gums (cyanosis): A sign of inadequate oxygen supply, which requires immediate veterinary attention.
What can help improve respiratory health in these breeds?
To protect the respiratory health of brachycephalic breeds, Dr. Prajapati says, several measures can be taken:
| Category | Details |
|---|---|
| Dietary Supplements | Omega-3 fatty acids: Found in fish oil, they help reduce airway inflammation and boost lung health. (Source: Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 2020). Antioxidants like Vitamin E and C: Protect against oxidative damage caused by airborne pollutants. Probiotics: Support overall immunity and may help in managing respiratory allergies. |
| Environmental Adjustments | Air Purifiers: High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters can reduce indoor exposure to PM2.5 and allergens. Humidifiers: Adding moisture to indoor air can alleviate airway irritation and improve breathing. |
| Regular Veterinary Care | Routine health check-ups to assess airway function and prevent complications from pollution-related respiratory issues. |
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