Lung cancer ranks as the second most prevalent cancer among men and women in the United States, as reported by the American Cancer Society. In 2024, nearly 250,000 individuals are expected to receive a lung cancer diagnosis, with approximately 125,000 fatalities attributed to the disease.
Most diagnoses occur in individuals over 65, with very few cases in those under 45. Fortunately, the statistics show a downward trend, likely due to reduced smoking rates and advancements in medical technology that facilitate earlier detection and treatment.
Dr. Alejandra Ellison-Barnes from Johns Hopkins emphasizes, “The health benefits of stopping smoking begin within minutes, so it’s never too late to stop.” This highlights the importance of understanding the causes and symptoms of lung cancer.
What causes lung cancer?
According to the ACS, around 80% of lung cancer deaths are linked to smoking. However, not all smokers develop lung cancer, indicating that genetics and other risk factors also play a role. Dr. Ellison-Barnes notes that 10-20% of smokers will eventually develop lung cancer, with higher risks for those who smoke more.
What about nonsmokers?
Interestingly, lung cancer isn’t exclusive to smokers. Nonsmokers can also be at risk due to exposure to secondhand smoke, air pollution, asbestos, diesel exhaust, and radon gas, which is often found in soil and coal. The ACS acknowledges that some lung cancer cases may arise from unknown causes.
What are the early signs of lung cancer?
Early symptoms can include:
- A persistent or worsening cough
- Coughing up blood or rust-colored phlegm
- Frequent respiratory infections like bronchitis or pneumonia
- Chest pain that worsens with deep breaths, laughter, or coughing
- Unexplained weight loss or loss of appetite
- Fatigue or shortness of breath
- Wheezing or hoarseness
Experts urge anyone experiencing these symptoms to consult a doctor promptly. While these symptoms may indicate other conditions, early detection of lung cancer significantly improves treatment outcomes. Dr. Ellison-Barnes recommends that smokers consider lung cancer screenings, even without symptoms.
Dr. Benjamin Toll from the Medical University of South Carolina states, “The risk of lung cancer decreases drastically if you quit smoking.” He advises long-term smokers to discuss screening options with their healthcare providers, as early detection can lead to more effective treatment.
No responses yet